Zhao Yazhi is a Scorpio.
In Western astrology, the 12 constellations of the zodiac are synonymous with the direction of the universe. When a person is born, the position of each star on the zodiac illustrates a person's innate character and talent. The 12 zodiac signs symbolize the psychological level and reflect the way a person behaves.
Zhao Yazhi was born on November 15, 1953 in the Kowloon Peninsula of Hong Kong, China. Her ancestral home is Kaifeng City, Henan Province. She is a Chinese film and television actress and graduated from Chongde English College. In 1973, she won the fourth place in the first "Hong Kong**" beauty pageant. In 1975, he officially entered the entertainment industry by starring in his first TV series "Riding the Wind and Waves". In 1978, he played Zhou Zhiruo in the costume martial arts drama "The Legend of Heaven and Dragon Sword". In 1979, she played Su Rongrong in the costume martial arts drama "The Legend of Chu Liuxiang". The drama's ratings reached 70% during its broadcast in Taiwan.
Do you know the name of this foreign female philosopher?
Egyptian god worshipers often regarded the eastern horizon as the starting point of their spiritual source. This idea also deeply influenced the way the Egyptians formulated their calendar. Like the Mesopotamians, the Egyptians originally used a calendar based on the cycles of the moon. But the difference is: the Mesopotamians started each month with the new moon in the west at sunset, while the Egyptians started each month with the new moon in the east at sunrise. When the influence of the Western Renaissance spread to Egypt, the Egyptians' faith began to waver. They soon realized that while the lunar calendar had practical value in most situations, it had many flaws. The biggest drawback is that every twelve-month calendar cycle adds 11 extra days each year. In order for the calendar to always comply with the solar terms, one month can only be added every two years to make up for it.
In the third and fourth millennium BC, the Egyptians tried to abolish the traditional lunar calendar and introduce a new "national" calendar based on the solar cycle. The new calendar was used to serve the state authorities in managing the country, while the lunar calendar was still retained in monastic affairs and daily public activities. By recording the movements of Sirius, which appears and disappears at the same time as the sun, they have even been able to calculate that the sun takes 365 days to orbit the ecliptic. For convenience, they simply divided the year into 12 months of 30 days each. The other five days are regarded as a separate period, during which they are mainly used for celebrations. Each month is divided into three weeks of 10 days each. The start of each week was marked by the rise of a particular star or star cluster at dusk, rather than trying to match the changing phases of the moon. To make the new calendar more effective, they also refined the celestial sphere into 36 segments so that the time of night could be determined by the rising and setting of the stars.
The Egyptians' new calendar divided the year into 36 intervals, and each interval was controlled by a special divine star. This gave rise to the concept of the so-called "classical astrology ten degrees" in the astrological theoretical system, although after that this concept was often recognized as medieval astrology.Theory patent. This is why the zodiac, which was originally divided into 30 degrees, has been refined into 10-degree divisions, and each division is controlled by a planet. Thus sidereal time became God's time - the measure of human destiny. Although this fact was not known for sure until the symbolism was superseded, the astrological use of the 10th degree was already demonstrated by the temple of Esna, founded in 200 BC.
In the fourth century BC, the famous Sicilian astrologer Firmicus Maternus, one of the astrologers who emphasized the importance of the 10 divisions, declared that the power of a planet in its division is the same as that of the sign it rules. Just as powerful. Manilius also attributed the 10-degree division to the iconic theory of zodiac division. But most astrologers, including Ptolemy (the ancient Greek astronomer, geographer, mathematician, and founder of the geocentric theory in the second century AD), believe that the 10-degree division is nothing more than the decreasing power of the planets in order of distance from the earth ( Such as Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Mercury, Venus, Moon).
Firmicus Maternus claimed that he presented this theoretical system to Nechepso - "The greatest monarch of Egypt was also a truly excellent astrologer, who had accurately predicted all diseases and pains through the 10-degree division theory. ." In fact, there is no record in history that proves the existence of such an emperor, but it is possible that Firmicus did present his theory to the last pharaoh of Egypt, Nectanebo II (360-343BC) - a legendary astrological tutor named Saint Alexander. emperor. Such an important astrological system was finally completed in 150 BC and named after the legendary Nechepso and the Egyptian high priest Petosiris. Petosiris was most likely a high priest who served the Pharaoh during the Ptolemaic era in 300 BC. Nechepso and Petosiris were later recognized as the founders of the astrological theory that planets are as powerful in their decans as in their signs. Although we cannot yet verify the exact origin time of the 10-degree division theory, we can at least guess that this theory was used in astrology at least before the third century BC.
But all in all, the reasons why the Zoning Theory is arranged the way it is is certainly more complicated than the exact time when it was officially used in astrology. Ptolemy believed that the Egyptian calendar was consistent with astrology. But he trusted the Egyptian calendar more because he believed it was more accurate. But we can understand that the theory of partitions was developed in a complex way in the Egyptian calendar, but it is well used and simplified in astrology. Ptolemy's main criticism of the Egyptian partition system was that the Egyptian partition system was arbitrary. The degrees used to draw charts describing how the planets determine their destiny are proportional divisions of the year. He claimed that he had theAn ancient manuscript providing a simple and rational method of partitioning astrology. Combining the respective advantages of both theories, he created his own theoretical system, a new theory based on symbols, the doctrine of three-in-one and the enhancement of planetary power. This theoretical basis was generally accepted by the Western astrology community and was detailed in William Lilly's astrological tutorials in the 17th century:
Many centuries later, until the Ptolemaic era, astrologers began to officially accept the 10th degree. Partitioned perspective. After Ptolemy's death, almost all Greeks immediately learned to use his methods. From that time until today, when Christianity unified Europe, the 10-degree division is still considered the most reasonable part of astrological theory.
Although we currently lack detailed evidence of how ancient astrologers actually used this technique, its use during the period of classical astrology is well documented. Through a resurgence of interest in traditional astrology, these medieval astrological techniques have returned to the practice of modern astrology.
The details of the Egyptians’ deified concept of time are worthy of attention. In Egyptian belief, each star was depicted as a god and presided over a decade of the ecliptic. The way they are determined is that the star that rises first at the beginning of each week is the ruler and god of that week. In the early days, sidereal clocks were built to determine the ruling star for each week. This simple device indicates the exact time of arrival for each ten-degree interval, even at night. Astrologers could therefore record these times and chart each hour of the night. This method of recording time is generally believed to have originated in 2400 BC, but in fact twelve existing examples found in Egyptian temples have proven that this method was more valued at that time as a method for the undead. An important way to provide wealth in the underworld. In the temple of Ramses IV, a seated human figure was found that was arranged in the position of the stars in the sky. Using these star positions, it is easy to express the exact time of night in a fourteen-day cycle of the year.
A further application of the deified time calendar of ancient Egypt is that it can indicate the controlling stars at any time through the movement of stars and asterisms. These guardian spirits of the twelve hours of daylight under the realm of the sun are particularly important in mythology. Of course, the patron saint at night is also important. When the sun god falls below the horizon, he must pass through the realms of the gods in each hour zone in the dark world. These gods opened the door for the Sun God and sent him to the next realm. The password to open the door was known only to the guardian gods of the night. The concept of the God of Hours is also used in astrology, especially when astrological judgments need to be accurate to a certain hour or hours. But later the planets were unified as guardians of each hour, and became very effective descriptive omens in astrological inquiries.
But planetary time is not fixed and continuous like ordinary clocks. It changes in length.Yes, this is also a manifestation of following the Egyptian calendar. Through the invention of the water clock, the Egyptians created a 24-hour day for the first time, including 12 hours during the day and 12 hours at night. At the spring and autumn equinoxes, the 24 hours of day and night are equally divided, but at other times of the year, the length of each hour often changes. Their calculation method is: divide the sunrise to sunset into 12 hours of daytime, and then divide the sunset to sunrise into 12 hours of nighttime. Therefore, the 12 hours of daytime are longer in summer and shorter in winter; the 12 hours of night are shorter in summer and longer in winter.
Since sunset and sunrise were defined as the "death" and "rebirth" of the sun, they have held great significance. The appearance or disappearance of the sun changes a person's entire life pattern from active to silent. The time calendar left by the Egyptians is very valuable for marking such changes. Religious ceremonies are often held at sunrise (such as matins in English churches, Catholic midnight or dawn prayers) - one of the functions of the priest - to invoke the divine power of the daytime planets. This planet is regarded as the commander of the sky at this time, and the guardian planet of this hour is also the agent of this person in this life. The astrological hourly ruling order is in the astrological order of the planets: Moon, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Sun, Venus, Mercury. Another religious ceremony (Vespers, the evening prayer of the seven daily Catholic prayers) is held at the eighth hour of the day, when the ruler of this hour changes back to the planet that rules the day. Although our current seven days of the week are still named after these planetary rulers, planetary hours were considered suitable only for use in mystical doctrines. The system of equal lengths of 24 hours was introduced in the Greek cultural era and has been developed to this day, but this time system completely separates the connection between each day and the seasons.
It must be Hypatia.
The following is her introduction on Baidu Encyclopedia.
Hypatia
(English: Hypatia, Greek: Υπατ?α; 370-415), a Hellenistic ancient Egypt scholar, was a famous and widely known scholar at the time. A popular female philosopher, mathematician, astronomer/astrologer, and teacher who lived in the Hellenistic city of Alexandria in ancient Egypt and made great contributions to the city's intellectual community. According to later sources, she wrote commentaries on Diophantus' Arithmetica, Apollonius' Conics, and Ptolemy's works, but None remain. Her intellectual background can be seen in letters written to her by her student Synesius of Cyrene: she belonged to the school of Platon - although we can only assume that she adopted the teachings of Plotinus Doctrine (Plotinus was a disciple of Plato in the third century AD and the founder of the Neoplatonic school). There is also some evidence that HypatiaHis most famous contribution to science is the invention of the astronomical observatory and the hydrometer.
Hypatia is the daughter of Theon. As the last researcher at the Museum of Alexandria, Theon is both Hypatia's father and her mentor. Hypatia did not teach in the Alexandria Museum, but gave lectures in her own home. Around 400 AD, Hypatia became the leader of the Platonic school in Alexandria, teaching mathematics and philosophy, and her students also included many well-known Christians. No portrait of Hypatia survives, but in the imaginations of nineteenth-century writers and artists, she was as beautiful as the goddess Athena.
In 391 AD, Bishop Theophilus of Alexandria destroyed a number of pagan religious centers in the city, possibly including the Museum of Alexandria and certainly the Temple of Serapeum. (This temple worshiped the Egyptian night god Serapis and was a sub-library of the Great Library of Alexandria). In the same year, the Roman Emperor Theodosius I issued a ban prohibiting all types of pagan worship. Since then, Christians throughout the Roman Empire have joined the ranks of fighting against paganism and began to destroy all kinds of Christianized of pagan temples - although this phenomenon had already become popular before the ban was enacted.
Hypatia was caught between the conflicts between "pagans" and Christians at that time. When Christians demanded the complete annihilation of paganism in order to consolidate the status of Christianity and the Roman emperor, it could be said that there was no possibility of reaching a consensus between the two parties. Although she was a pagan, Hypatia was still revered by many Christians. Some later Christian authors even elevated her status to a symbol of virtue, and she was often described as remaining a virgin until death. One of the sources is The Suda, which describes her rejecting a suitor by throwing sanitary products at him. [1] However, various descriptions of her posthumous appearance are often contradictory and therefore not entirely reliable.
Her contemporary, the Christian historian Socrates Scholasticus, described Hypatia as follows in his "Ecclesiastical History" :
"There was a woman named Hypatia in Alexandria, the daughter of the philosopher Theon. Not only was she profound in the fields of literature and science, she was also far beyond her contemporaries. Philosophers. She inherited the school of Plato and Plotinus and explained their philosophical ideas to the listeners. Many people came from far away just to get her advice. Based on her good education, she had a calmness With a calm and approachable temperament, she often appeared in public places and in front of the local chief executive, and was never embarrassed to participate in men's gatherings. For men, because of her extraordinary dignity andVirtue, they only respect and love her more. ”
Her student Synesis later became the Bishop of Ptolomais. Synesis also respected and loved his teacher, and from what he wrote to Hypatis Ya's letters also reveal the contradictions among intellectuals in Alexandria in the early fifth century AD. In one letter, he complained about some people who turned to philosophy after failing in other fields: "Their philosophy is all It consists of very simple formulas. When they want to deny or assert something, they say 'God is provable' like Plato. The shadow will obscure the infinitely superior arguments of these people, but they are still extremely conceited. ” In this letter, he also told Hypatia that “the same person” had accused him of possessing “unrevised” books[2], implying that books at the time were often rewritten to serve Christian dogma— -The mystery of Hypatia's life experience may not be unrelated to this. It is precisely because of this that it is difficult for later generations to find more reliable and accurate clues about her life.
Hypatia was violently attacked by a mob The accounts of his death vary from source to source. Some say that this was an act spontaneously inspired by local Christians. Cyril, the archbishop of Alexandria, had a dispute with the governor Orestes. If there are conflicts, they turn a blind eye; some say that this is a conspiracy directly supported by the Roman emperor; some say that this is the work of a group of lawless and "vulgar" mobs (no literature has ever mentioned this (soldiers participated in this matter), and among them were not only Christians, but also non-Christians. In addition, it is also said that Hypatia participated in the rebellion and therefore could not escape death.
Soquaid in " The Church History describes her death as follows:
“She was the victim of political jealousy, which was common in those days. Because of her frequent meetings with Orestes, slander spread among Christians that she was preventing Orestes from reconciling with the Archbishop. Because of this, some Christians, driven by the passion of anger and obsession, led by a liturgist named Peter, ambush Hypatia on her way home, dragged her out of the carriage and took her to a He stripped her naked in the church called Caesarion, killed her with bricks and quartered her body. Her scarred limbs were taken to a place called Cinaron and burned. The infamy of this incident spread all over the world, not only for Cyril, but also for the entire Christian church in Alexandria. Of course, allowing such massacres, fights, or exchanges of interests is the furthest thing from the spirit of Christianity. This happened in the third month of Lent, in the fourth year of Cyril's episcopate, the tenth of Honorius, and the sixth of Theodosius I's consulship. (A.D. 415)"
Bishop of Niki? (Bishop of Niki?) in the seventh century AD, gave the following account of her death, which he apparently took from Soquaid, but came to a different conclusion and described Hypatia as a witch:
"In those days in Alexandria There appeared a female philosopher, a pagan named Hypatia. She devoted all her time to magic, celestial observatories, and musical instruments, and deceived many people with her diabolical cunning. The governor of the city held her in excessive esteem. , because she also used magic to play with him, he no longer went to church as regularly as before... A group of devout believers gathered together and followed the guidance of the judge Peter - he is now A perfect believer who believed in Jesus Christ with all his heart - he began to search for this pagan woman who used magic to lure officials and citizens astray. When they discovered her whereabouts, they approached and found her sitting high on a chair. , to get her down, they pulled her to the ground and took her to a cathedral called Ciceron, tore off her clothes and dragged her through the streets until she died. They then She was taken to a place called Cinaron, and her body was burned with fire. Then all the people gathered around the patriarch Cyril, calling him 'Theophilus Reborn' because he had destroyed the idols in Alexandria. The last remnant of worship." [3]
Edward Gibbon has the following account in his "History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire" (later "Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology" 》"Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology", almost verbatim):
"Hypatia, the daughter of the mathematician Theon, was enlightened by her father's teachings. She used her profound knowledge to Commentary, she explained the theories of Apollonius and Diophantus accurately and completely; she also gave public lectures on the philosophy of Aristotle and Plato in Athens and Alexandria. This humble virgin had the appearance of a spring flower, but she had Mature and wise, she rejected the advances of her lover and devoted herself to teaching her disciples. The most glorious and prominent people all couldn't wait to visit this female philosopher. Cyril stared at her lectures with jealous eyes. Crowds of chariots, horses, and slaves gathered in front of the door. So rumors spread quietly among the Christians that the daughter of Theon was the only stumbling block between the Roman official and the archbishop. This stumbling block was quickly removed. Then, one fateful day, during the holy season of Lent, Hypatia was torn from her cart, her clothes torn to pieces, dragged to the church, and raped by the liturgist. Peter the reader, a group of barbarians and cruel fanatics, slaughtered her to death with their bare hands and inhumanely. The sharp clam shells scraped her flesh from the bones, and the trembling severed limbs were thrown into the fire. . The just investigation and punishment were finally abandoned because of the timely gift, but the murder of Hypatia had left its mark on the personality and beliefs of Cyril of Alexandria.Stains that cannot be removed. "
"The Catholic Encyclopedia" (The Catholic Encyclopedia) said:
"Among the several riots that occurred in 422, one of them made the administrator Callistus ( Callistus was killed, and another was the murder of the philosopher Hypatia. Hypatia was a well-respected teacher of the Neoplatonic school, who was (it was said to be) the elder Deshao. She was a friend of Orestes. Many people believed that she was the one who stood in the way between the archbishop and the governor, preventing the reconciliation of the two dialects. So, a mob headed by the lector Peter dragged her to a room. In the church, her flesh was scraped off with pottery shards until she died. According to Soquid, this incident was a great stain on the Christian church in Alexandria and the archbishop at the time. However, readers were not considered clergy (Scr., V, xxii), and Soquaid does not suggest that Cyril himself must be blamed. Although Damaschios made such accusations, they were all hindsight arguments, and besides, he already hated Christians. "[4]
Theologians Soldan and Heppe[5] have argued that Hypatia may be the first so-called "witch" to be persecuted by the forces of the Christian church. ”. Many authors who criticize the church also point out that Hypatia’s death method of “tearing her flesh and bones apart with iron hooks” seems to be in line with Emperor Constantine II’s method of canonical punishment for witchcraft.
Some authors regard Hypatia's death as a symbol of "irrational religion persecuting rational paganism". Astronomer and popular science writer Carl Sagen is one of them. For Hypatia The death of Ya and the burning of the Great Library of Alexandria are vividly described in his book "Cosmos". Earlier writers such as Voltaire and Edward Gibbon also held similar views. Concept. Polish historian Maria Dzielska published a book "Hypatia of Alexandria" in 1995, which conducted a detailed study of Hypatia. About Hypatia The explanation of Thea's death is that it was the result of a struggle between two factions within Christianity. One was the dove-like Orestes, supported by Hypatia, and the other was the hawk-like Cyril. This view was also raised by Smith, who said: "She was accused of being too close to Orestes, the prefect of Alexandria. This accusation spread among the clergy, and they believed that she was hindering Orestes. The friendship between Stith and Archbishop Cyril. ”
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